2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题
Section
I
Use
of
English
Directions:
Read
the
following
text.
Choose
the
best
word
(s)
for
each
numbered
blank
and
mark
A,
B,
C
or
D
on
the
ANSWER
SHEET.
(10
points)
Trust
is
a
tricky
business.
On
the
one
hand,
it＇s
a
necessary
condition
1
many
worthwhile
things:
child
care,
friendships,
etc.
On
the
other
hand,
putting
your
2,
in
the
wrong
place
often
carries
a
high
3.
4,
why
do
we
trust
at
all?
Well,
because
it
feels
good.
5
people
place
their
trust
in
an
individual
or
an
institution,
their
brains
release
oxytocin,
a
hormone
that
6
pleasurable
feelings
and
triggers
the
herding
instruct
that
prompts
humans
to
7
with
one
another.
Scientists
have
found
that
exposure
8
this
hormone
puts
us
in
a
trusting
9:
In
a
Swiss
study,
researchers
sprayed
oxytocin
into
the
noses
of
half
the
subjects;
those
subjects
were
ready
to
lend
significantly
higher
amounts
of
money
to
strangers
than
were
their
10
who
inhaled
something
else.
11
for
us,
we
also
have
a
sixth
sense
for
dishonesty
that
may
12
us.
A
Canadian
study
found
that
children
as
young
as
14
months
can
differentiate
13
a
credible
person
and
a
dishonest
one.
Sixty
toddlers
were
each
14
to
an
adult
tester
holding
a
plastic
container.
The
tester
would
ask,
“What’s
in
here?”
before
looking
into
the
container,
smiling,
and
exclaiming,
“Wow!”
Each
subject
was
then
invited
to
look
15.
Half
of
them
found
a
toy;
the
other
half
16
the
container
was
empty-and
realized
the
tester
had
17
them.
Among
the
children
who
had
not
been
tricked,
the
majority
were
18
to
cooperate
with
the
tester
in
learning
a
new
skill,
demonstrating
that
they
trusted
his
leadership.
19,
only
five
of
the
30
children
paired
with
the
“20”tester
participated
in
a
follow-up
activity.
1.
[A]
on
[B]
like
[C]
for
[D]
from
2.
[A]
faith
[B]
concern
[C]
attention
[D]
interest
3.
[A]
benefit
[B]
debt
[C]
hope
[D]
price
4.
[A]
Therefore
[B]
Then
[C]
Instead
[D]
Again
5.
[A]Until
[B]
Unless
[C]
Although
[D]
When
6.
[A]
selects
[B]
produces
[C]
applies
[D]
maintains
7.
[A]
consult
[B]
compete
[C]
connect
[D]
compare
8.
[A]
at
[B]
by
[C]of
[D]to
9.
[A]
context
[B]
mood
[C]
period
[D]
circle
10.[A]
counterparts
[B]
substitutes
[C]
colleagues
[D]supporters
11.[A]
Funny
[B]
Lucky
[C]
Odd
[D]
Ironic
12.[A]
monitor
[B]
protect
[C]
surprise
[D]
delight
13.[A]
between
[B]
within
[C]
toward
[D]
over
14.[A]
transferred
[B]
added
[C]
introduced
[D]
entrusted
15.[A]
out
[B]
back
[C]
around
[D]
inside
16.[A]
discovered
[B]
proved
[C]
insisted
[D]
.remembered
17.[A]
betrayed
[B]wronged
[C]
fooled
[D]
mocked
18.[A]
forced
[B]
willing
[C]
hesitant
[D]
entitled
19.[A]
In
contrast
[B]
As
a
result
[C]
On
the
whole
[D]
For
instance
20.[A]
inflexible
[B]
incapable
[C]
unreliable
[D]
unsuitable
Section
II
Reading
Comprehension
Part
A
Directions:
Read
the
following
four
texts.
Answer
the
questions
below
each
text
by
choosing
A,
B,
C
or
D.
Mark
your
answers
on
the
ANSWER
SHEET.
(40
points)
Text
1
Among
the
annoying
challenges
facing
the
middle
class
is
one
that
will
probably
go
unmentioned
in
the
next
presidential
campaign:
What
happens
when
the
robots
come
for
their
jobs?
Don＇t
dismiss
that
possibility
entirely.
About
half
of
U.S.
jobs
are
at
high
risk
of
being
automated,
according
to
a
University
of
Oxford
study,
with
the
middle
class
disproportionately
squeezed.
Lower-income
jobs
like
gardening
or
day
care
don＇t
appeal
to
robots.
But
many
middle-class
occupations-trucking,
financial
advice,
software
engineering
—
have
aroused
their
interest,
or
soon
will.
The
rich
own
the
robots,
so
they
will
be
fine.
This
isn＇t
to
be
alarmist.
Optimists
point
out
that
technological
upheaval
has
benefited
workers
in
the
past.
The
Industrial
Revolution
didn＇t
go
so
well
for
Luddites
whose
jobs
were
displaced
by
mechanized
looms,
but
it
eventually
raised
living
standards
and
created
more
jobs
than
it
destroyed.
Likewise,
automation
should
eventually
boost
productivity,
stimulate
demand
by
driving
down
prices,
and
free
workers
from
hard,
boring
work.
But
in
the
medium
term,
middle-class
workers
may
need
a
lot
of
help
adjusting.
The
first
step,
as
Erik
Brynjolfsson
and
Andrew
McAfee
argue
in
The
Second
Machine
Age,
should
be
rethinking
education
and
job
training.
Curriculums
—from
grammar
school
to
college-
should
evolve
to
focus
less
on
memorizing
facts
and
more
on
creativity
and
complex
communication.
Vocational
schools
should
do
a
better
job
of
fostering
problem-solving
skills
and
helping
students
work
alongside
robots.
Online
education
can
supplement
the
traditional
kind.
It
could
make
extra
training
and
instruction
affordable.
Professionals
trying
to
acquire
new
skills
will
be
able
to
do
so
without
going
into
debt.
The
challenge
of
coping
with
automation
underlines
the
need
for
the
U.S.
to
revive
its
fading
business
dynamism:
Starting
new
companies
must
be
made
easier.
In
previous
eras
of
drastic
technological
change,
entrepreneurs
smoothed
the
transition
by
dreaming
up
ways
to
combine
labor
and
machines.
The
best
uses
of
3D
printers
and
virtual
reality
haven＇t
been
invented
yet.
The
U.S.
needs
the
new
companies
that
will
invent
them.
Finally,
because
automation
threatens
to
widen
the
gap
between
capital
income
and
labor
income,
taxes
and
the
safety
net
will
have
to
be
rethought.
Taxes
on
low-wage
labor
need
to
be
cut,
and
wage
subsidies
such
as
the
earned
income
tax
credit
should
be
expanded:
This
would
boost
incomes,
encourage
work,
reward
companies
for
job
creation,
and
reduce
inequality.
Technology
will
improve
society
in
ways
big
and
small
over
the
next
few
years,
yet
this
will
be
little
comfort
to
those
who
find
their
lives
and
careers
upended
by
automation.
Destroying
the
machines
that
are
coming
for
our
jobs
would
be
nuts.
But
policies
to
help
workers
adapt
will
be
indispensable.
21.Who
will
be
most
threatened
by
automation?
[A]
Leading
politicians.
[B]Low-wage
laborers.
[C]Robot
owners.
[D]Middle-class
workers.
22
.Which
of
the
following
best
represent
the
author’s
view?
[A]
Worries
about
automation
are
in
fact
groundless.
[B]Optimists＇
opinions
on
new
tech
find
little
support.
[C]Issues
arising
from
automation
need
to
be
tackled
[D]Negative
consequences
of
new
tech
can
be
avoided
23.Education
in
the
age
of
automation
should
put
more
emphasis
on
[A]
creative
potential.
[B]job-hunting
skills.
[C]individual
needs.
[D]cooperative
spirit.
24.The
author
suggests
that
tax
policies
be
aimed
at
[A]encouraging
the
development
of
automation.
[B]increasing
the
return
on
capital
investment.
[C]easing
the
hostility
between
rich
and
poor.
[D]preventing
the
income
gap
from
widening.
25.In
this
text,
the
author
presents
a
problem
with
[A]
opposing
views
on
it.
[B]possible
solutions
to
it.
[C]its
alarming
impacts.
[D]its
major
variations.Text
2
A
new
survey
by
Harvard
University
finds
more
than
two-thirds
of
young
Americans
disapprove
of
President
Trump’s
use
of
Twitter.
The
implication
is
that
Millennials
prefer
news
from
the
White
House
to
be
filtered
through
other
source,
Not
a
president’s
social
media
platform.
Most
Americans
rely
on
social
media
to
check
daily
headlines.
Yet
as
distrust
has
risen
toward
all
media,
people
may
be
starting
to
beef
up
their
media
literacy
skills.
Such
a
trend
is
badly
needed.
During
the
2016
presidential
campaign,
nearly
a
quarter
of
web
content
shared
by
Twitter
users
in
the
politically
critical
state
of
Michigan
was
fake
news,
according
to
the
University
of
Oxford.
And
a
survey
conducted
for
BuzzFeed
News
found
44
percent
of
Facebook
users
rarely
or
never
trust
news
from
the
media
giant.
Young
people
who
are
digital
natives
are
indeed
becoming
more
skillful
at
separating
fact
from
fiction
in
cyberspace.
A
Knight
Foundation
focus-group
survey
of
young
people
between
ages
14and24
found
they
use
“distributed
trust”
to
verify
stories.
They
cross-check
sources
and
prefer
news
from
different
perspectives—especially
those
that
are
open
about
any
bias.
“Many
young
people
assume
a
great
deal
of
personal
responsibility
for
educating
themselves
and
actively
seeking
out
opposing
viewpoints,”
the
survey
concluded.
Such
active
research
can
have
another
effect.
A
2014
survey
conducted
in
Australia,
Britain,
and
the
United
States
by
the
University
of
Wisconsin-Madison
found
that
young
people’s
reliance
on
social
media
led
to
greater
political
engagement.
Social
media
allows
users
to
experience
news
events
more
intimately
and
immediately
while
also
permitting
them
to
re-share
news
as
a
projection
of
their
values
and
interests.
This
forces
users
to
be
more
conscious
of
their
role
in
passing
along
information.
A
survey
by
Barna
research
group
found
the
top
reason
given
by
Americans
for
the
fake
news
phenomenon
is
“reader
error,”
more
so
than
made-up
stories
or
factual
mistakes
in
reporting.
About
a
third
say
the
problem
of
fake
news
lies
in
“misinterpretation
or
exaggeration
of
actual
news”
via
social
media.
In
other
words,
the
choice
to
share
news
on
social
media
may
be
the
heart
of
the
issue.
“This
indicates
there
is
a
real
personal
responsibility
in
counteracting
this
problem,”
says
Roxanne
Stone,
editor
in
chief
at
Barna
Group.
So
when
young
people
are
critical
of
an
over-tweeting
president,
they
reveal
a
mental
discipline
in
thinking
skills
–
and
in
their
choices
on
when
to
share
on
social
media.
26.
According
to
the
Paragraphs
1
and
2,
many
young
Americans
cast
doubts
on
[A]
the
justification
of
the
news-filtering
practice.
[B]
people’s
preference
for
social
media
platforms.
[C]
the
administrations
ability
to
handle
information.
[D]
social
media
was
a
reliable
source
of
news.
27.
The
phrase
“beer
up”(Line
2,
Para.
2)
is
closest
in
meaning
to
[A]
sharpen
[B]
define
[C]
boast
[D]
share
28.
According
to
the
knight
foundation
survey,
young
people
[A]
tend
to
voice
their
opinions
in
cyberspace.
[B]
verify
news
by
referring
to
diverse
resources.
[C]
have
s
strong
sense
of
responsibility.
[D]
like
to
exchange
views
on
“distributed
trust”
29.
The
Barna
survey
found
that
a
main
cause
for
the
fake
news
problem
is
[A]
readers
outdated
values.
[B]
journalists’
biased
reporting
[C]
readers’
misinterpretation
[D]
journalists’
made-up
stories.
30.
Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
[A]
A
Rise
in
Critical
Skills
for
Sharing
News
Online
[B]
A
Counteraction
Against
the
Over-tweeting
Trend
[C]
The
Accumulation
of
Mutual
Trust
on
Social
Media.
[D]
The
Platforms
for
Projection
of
Personal
Interests.
Text
3
Any
fair-minded
assessment
of
the
dangers
of
the
deal
between
Britain＇s
National
Health
Service
(NHS)
and
DeepMind
must
start
by
acknowledging
that
both
sides
mean
well.
DeepMind
is
one
of
the
leading
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
companies
in
the
world.
The
potential
of
this
work
applied
to
healthcare
is
very
great,
but
it
could
also
lead
to
further
concentration
of
power
in
the
tech
giants.
It
Is
against
that
background
that
the
information
commissioner,
Elizabeth
Denham,
has
issued
her
damning
verdict
against
the
Royal
Free
hospital
trust
under
the
NHS,
which
handed
over
to
DeepMind
the
records
of
1.6
million
patients
In
2015
on
the
basis
of
a
vague
agreement
which
took
far
too
little
account
of
the
patients＇
rights
and
their
expectations
of
privacy.
DeepMind
has
almost
apologized.
The
NHS
trust
has
mended
its
ways.
Further
arrangements-
and
there
may
be
many-between
the
NHS
and
DeepMind
will
be
carefully
scrutinised
to
ensure
that
all
necessary
permissions
have
been
asked
of
patients
and
all
unnecessary
data
has
been
cleaned.
There
are
lessons
about
informed
patient
consent
to
learn.
But
privacy
is
not
the
only
angle
in
this
case
and
not
even
the
most
important.
Ms
Denham
chose
to
concentrate
the
blame
on
the
NHS
trust,
since
under
existing
law
it
“controlled”
the
data
and
DeepMind
merely
“processed“
it.
But
this
distinction
misses
the
point
that
it
is
processing
and
aggregation,
not
the
mere
possession
of
bits,
that
gives
the
data
value.
The
great
question
is
who
should
benefit
from
the
analysis
of
all
the
data
that
our
lives
now
generate.
Privacy
law
builds
on
the
concept
of
damage
to
an
individual
from
identifiable
knowledge
about
them.
That
misses
the
way
the
surveillance
economy
works.
The
data
of
an
individual
there
gains
its
value
only
when
it
is
compared
with
the
data
of
countless
millions
more.
The
use
of
privacy
law
to
curb
the
tech
giants
in
this
instance
feels
slightly
maladapted.
This
practice
does
not
address
the
real
worry.
It
is
not
enough
to
say
that
the
algorithms
DeepMind
develops
will
benefit
patients
and
save
lives.
What
matters
is
that
they
will
belong
to
a
private
monopoly
which
developed
them
using
public
resources.
If
software
promises
to
save
lives
on
the
scale
that
dugs
now
can,
big
data
may
be
expected
to
behave
as
a
big
pharm
has
done.
We
are
still
at
the
beginning
of
this
revolution
and
small
choices
now
may
turn
out
to
have
gigantic
consequences
later.
A
long
struggle
will
be
needed
to
avoid
a
future
of
digital
feudalism.
Ms
Denham＇s
report
is
a
welcome
start.
31.Wha
is
true
of
the
agreement
between
the
NHS
and
DeepMind
?
[A]
It
caused
conflicts
among
tech
giants.
[B]
It
failed
to
pay
due
attention
to
patient’s
rights.
[C]
It
fell
short
of
the
latter＇s
expectations
[D]
It
put
both
sides
into
a
dangerous
situation.
32.
The
NHS
trust
responded
to
Denham＇s
verdict
with
[A]
empty
promises.
[B]
tough
resistance.
[C]
necessary
adjustments.
[D]
sincere
apologies.
33.The
author
argues
in
Paragraph
2
that
[A]
privacy
protection
must
be
secured
at
all
costs.
[B]
leaking
patients＇
data
is
worse
than
selling
it.
[C]
making
profits
from
patients＇
data
is
illegal.
[D]
the
value
of
data
comes
from
the
processing
of
it
34.According
to
the
last
paragraph,
the
real
worry
arising
from
this
deal
is
[A]
the
vicious
rivalry
among
big
pharmas.
[B]
the
ineffective
enforcement
of
privacy
law.
[C]
the
uncontrolled
use
of
new
software.
[D]
the
monopoly
of
big
data
by
tech
giants.
35.The
author＇s
attitude
toward
the
application
of
AI
to
healthcare
is
[A]
ambiguous.
[B]
cautious.
[C]
appreciative.
[D]
contemptuous.
Text
4
The
U.S.
Postal
Service
(USPS)
continues
to
bleed
red
ink.
It
reported
a
net
loss
of
$5.6
billion
for
fiscal
2016,
the
10th
straight
year
its
expenses
have
exceeded
revenue.
Meanwhile,
it
has
more
than
$120
billion
in
unfunded
liabilities,
mostly
for
employee
health
and
retirement
costs.
There
are
many
bankruptcies.
Fundamentally,
the
USPS
is
in
a
historic
squeeze
between
technological
change
that
has
permanently
decreased
demand
for
its
bread-and-butter
product,
first-class
mail,
and
a
regulatory
structure
that
denies
management
the
flexibility
to
adjust
its
operations
to
the
new
reality
And
interest
groups
ranging
from
postal
unions
to
greeting-card
makers
exert
self-interested
pressure
on
the
USPS’s
ultimate
overseer-Congress-insisting
that
whatever
else
happens
to
the
Postal
Service,
aspects
of
the
status
quo
they
depend
on
get
protected.
This
is
why
repeated
attempts
at
reform
legislation
have
failed
in
recent
years,
leaving
the
Postal
Service
unable
to
pay
its
bills
except
by
deferring
vital
modernization.
Now
comes
word
that
everyone
involved---Democrats,
Republicans,
the
Postal
Service,
the
unions
and
the
system＇s
heaviest
users—has
finally
agreed
on
a
plan
to
fix
the
system.
Legislation
is
moving
through
the
House
that
would
save
USPS
an
estimated
$28.6
billion
over
five
years,
which
could
help
pay
for
new
vehicles,
among
other
survival
measures.
Most
of
the
money
would
come
from
a
penny-per-letter
permanent
rate
increase
and
from
shifting
postal
retirees
into
Medicare.
The
latter
step
would
largely
offset
the
financial
burden
of
annually
pre-funding
retiree
health
care,
thus
addressing
a
long-standing
complaint
by
the
USPS
and
its
union.
If
it
clears
the
House,
this
measure
would
still
have
to
get
through
the
Senate
–
where
someone
is
bound
to
point
out
that
it
amounts
to
the
bare,
bare
minimum
necessary
to
keep
the
Postal
Service
afloat,
not
comprehensive
reform.
There’s
no
change
to
collective
bargaining
at
the
USPS,
a
major
omission
considering
that
personnel
accounts
for
80
percent
of
the
agency’s
costs.
Also
missing
is
any
discussion
of
eliminating
Saturday
letter
delivery.
That
common-sense
change
enjoys
wide
public
support
and
would
save
the
USPS
$2
billion
per
year.
But
postal
special-interest
groups
seem
to
have
killed
it,
at
least
in
the
House.
The
emerging
consensus
around
the
bill
is
a
sign
that
legislators
are
getting
frightened
about
a
politically
embarrassing
short-term
collapse
at
the
USPS.
It
is
not,
however,
a
sign
that
they’re
getting
serious
about
transforming
the
postal
system
for
the
21st
century. 36.The
financial
problem
with
the
USPS
is
caused
partly
by
[A].
its
unbalanced
budget.
[B]
.its
rigid
management.
[C]
.the
cost
for
technical
upgrading.
[D].
the
withdrawal
of
bank
support.
37.
According
to
Paragraph
2,
the
USPS
fails
to
modernize
itself
due
to
[A].
the
interference
from
interest
groups.
[B]
.the
inadequate
funding
from
Congress.
[C]
.the
shrinking
demand
for
postal
service.
[D]
.the
incompetence
of
postal
unions.
38.The
long-standing
complaint
by
the
USPS
and
its
unions
can
be
addressed
by
[A]
.removing
its
burden
of
retiree
health
care.
[B]
.making
more
investment
in
new
vehicles.
[C]
.adopting
a
new
rate-increase
mechanism.
[D].
attracting
more
first-class
mail
users.
39.In
the
last
paragraph,
the
author
seems
to
view
legislators
with
[A]
respect.
[B]
tolerance.
[C]
discontent.
[D]
gratitude.
40.Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
[A]
.The
USPS
Starts
to
Miss
Its
Good
Old
Days
[B]
.The
Postal
Service:
Keep
Away
from
My
Cheese
[C]
.The
USPS:
Chronic
Illness
Requires
a
Quick
Cure
[D]
.The
Postal
Service
Needs
More
than
a
Band-Aid
Part
B
Directions:
The
following
paragraphs
are
given
in
a
wrong
order.
For
Questions
41-45,
you
are
required
to
reorganize
these
paragraphs
into
a
coherent
article
by
choosing
from
the
list
A-G
and
filling
them
into
the
numbered
boxes.
Paragraphs
C
and
F
have
been
correctly
placed.
Mark
your
answers
on
ANSWER
SHEET.
(10
points)
A.
In
December
of
1869,
Congress
appointed
a
commission
to
select
a
site
and
prepare
plans
and
cost
estimates
for
a
new
State
Department
Building.
The
commission
was
also
to
consider
possible
arrangements
for
the
War
and
Navy
Departments.
To
the
horror
of
some
who
expected
a
Greek
Revival
twin
of
the
Treasury
Building
to
be
erected
on
the
other
side
of
the
White
House,
the
elaborate
French
Second
Empire
style
design
by
Alfred
Mullett
was
selected,
and
construction
of
a
building
to
house
all
three
departments
began
in
June
of
1871.
B.
Completed
in
1875,
the
State
Department＇s
south
wing
was
the
first
to
be
occupied,
with
its
elegant
four-story
library
(completed
in
1876),
Diplomatic
Reception
Room,
and
Secretary＇s
office
decorated
with
carved
wood,
Oriental
rugs,
and
stenciled
wall
patterns.
The
Navy
Department
moved
into
the
east
wing
in
1879,
where
elaborate
wall
and
ceiling
stenciling
and
marquetry
floors
decorated
the
office
of
the
Secretary.
C.
The
State,
War,
and
Navy
Building,
as
it
was
originally
known,
housed
the
three
Executive
Branch
Departments
most
intimately
associated
with
formulating
and
conducting
the
nation＇s
foreign
policy
in
the
last
quarter
of
the
nineteenth
century
and
the
first
quarter
of
the
twentieth
century-the
period
when
the
United
States
emerged
as
an
international
power.
The
building
has
housed
some
of
the
nation＇s
most
significant
diplomats
and
politicians
and
has
been
the
scene
of
many
historic
events.
D.
Many
of
the
most
celebrated
national
figures
have
participated
in
historical
events
that
have
taken
place
within
the
EEOB＇s
granite
walls.
Theodore
and
Franklin
D.
Roosevelt,
William
Howard
Taft,
Dwight
D.
Eisenhower,
Lyndon
B.
Johnson,
Gerald
Ford,
and
George
H.
W.
Bush
all
had
offices
in
this
building
before
becoming
president.
It
has
housed
16
Secretaries
of
the
Navy,
21
Secretaries
of
War,
and
24
Secretaries
of
State.
Winston
Churchill
once
walked
its
corridors
and
Japanese
emissaries
met
here
with
Secretary
of
State
Cordell
Hull
after
the
bombing
of
Pearl
Harbor.
E.
The
Eisenhower
Executive
Office
Building
(EEOB)
commands
a
unique
position
in
both
the
national
history
and
the
architectural
heritage
of
the
United
States.
Designed
by
Supervising
Architect
of
the
Treasury,
Alfred
B.
Mullett,
it
was
built
from
1871
to
1888
to
house
the
growing
staffs
of
the
State,
War,
and
Navy
Departments,
and
is
considered
one
of
the
best
examples
of
French
Second
Empire
architecture
in
the
country.
F.
Construction
took
17
years
as
the
building
slowly
rose
wing
by
wing.
When
the
EEOB
was
finished,
it
was
the
largest
office
building
in
Washington,
with
nearly
2
miles
of
black
and
white
tiled
corridors.
Almost
all
of
the
interior
detail
is
of
cast
iron
or
plaster;
the
use
of
wood
was
minimized
to
insure
fire
safety.
Eight
monumental
curving
staircases
of
granite
with
over
4,000
individually
cast
bronze
balusters
are
capped
by
four
skylight
domes
and
two
stained
glass
rotundas.
G.
The
history
of
the
EEOB
began
long
before
its
foundations
were
laid.
The
first
executive
offices
were
constructed
between
1799
and
1820.
A
series
of
fires
(including
those
set
by
the
British
in
1814)
and
overcrowded
conditions
led
to
the
construction
of
the
existing
Treasury
Building.
In
1866,
the
construction
of
the
North
Wing
of
the
Treasury
Building
necessitated
the
demolition
of
the
State
Department
building.
41.
→C→
42.
→
43.
→
F→
44.
→45. Part
C
Directions:
Read
the
following
text
carefully
and
then
translate
the
underlined
segments
into
Chinese.
Your
translation
should
be
written
neatly
on
the
ANSWER
SHEET.
(10
points)
Shakespeare’s
life
time
was
coincident
with
a
period
of
extraordinary
activity
and
achievement
in
the
drama.
By
the
date
of
his
birth
Europe
was
witnessing
the
passing
of
the
religious
drama,
and
the
creation
of
new
forms
under
the
incentive
of
classical
tragedy
and
comedy.
These
new
forms
were
at
first
mainly
written
by
scholars
and
performed
by
amateurs,
but
in
England,
as
everywhere
else
in
western
Europe,
the
growth
of
a
class
of
professional
actors
was
threatening
to
make
the
drama
popular,
whether
it
should
be
new
or
old,
classical
or
medieval,
literary
or
farcical.
Court,
school
organizations
of
amateurs,
and
the
traveling
actors
were
all
rivals
in
supplying
a
widespread
desire
for
dramatic
entertainment;
and
(47)
no
boy
who
went
a
grammar
school
could
be
ignorant
that
the
drama
was
a
form
of
literature
which
gave
glory
to
Greece
and
Rome
and
might
yet
bring
honor
to
England.
When
Shakespeare
was
twelve
years
old,
the
first
public
playhouse
was
built
in
London.
For
a
time
literature
showed
no
interest
in
this
public
stage.
Plays
aiming
at
literary
distinction
were
written
for
school
or
court,
or
for
the
choir
boys
of
St.
Paul’s
and
the
royal
chapel,
who,
however,
gave
plays
in
public
as
well
as
at
court.(48)but
the
professional
companies
prospered
in
their
permanent
theaters,
and
university
men
with
literature
ambitions
were
quick
to
turn
to
these
theaters
as
offering
a
means
of
livelihood.
By
the
time
Shakespeare
was
twenty-five,
Lyly,
Peele,
and
Greene
had
made
comedies
that
were
at
once
popular
and
literary;
Kyd
had
written
a
tragedy
that
crowded
the
pit;
and
Marlowe
had
brought
poetry
and
genius
to
triumph
on
the
common
stage
-
where
they
had
played
no
part
since
the
death
of
Euripides.
(49)A
native
literary
drama
had
been
created,
its
alliance
with
the
public
playhouses
established,
and
at
least
some
of
its
great
traditions
had
been
begun.
The
development
of
the
Elizabethan
drama
for
the
next
twenty-five
years
is
of
exceptional
interest
to
students
of
literary
history,
for
in
this
brief
period
we
may
trace
the
beginning,
growth,
blossoming,
and
decay
of
many
kinds
of
plays,
and
of
many
great
careers.
We
are
amazed
today
at
the
mere
number
of
plays
produced,
as
well
as
by
the
number
of
dramatists
writing
at
the
same
time
for
this
London
of
two
hundred
thousand
inhabitants.
(50)To
realize
how
great
was
the
dramatic
activity,
we
must
remember
further
that
hosts
of
plays
have
been
lost,
and
that
probably
there
is
no
author
of
note
whose
entire
work
has
survived. Section
III
Writing
Part
A
51.
Directions：
Write
an
email
to
all
international
experts
on
campus
inviting
them
to
attend
the
graduation
ceremony.
In
your
email
you
should
include
time,
place
and
other
relevant
information
about
the
ceremony.
You
should
write
about
100
words
neatly
on
the
ANSEWER
SHEET
Do
not
use
your
own
name
at
the
end
of
the
email.
Use
“Li
Ming”
instead.
(10
points) Part
B
52.
Directions：
Write
an
essay
of
160-200
words
based
on
the
picture
below.
In
your
essay,
you
should
1)describe
the
pictures
briefly
2)interpret
the
meaning
and
3)give
your
comments(20
points)
You
should
write
neatly
on
the
ANSWER
SHEET.
(20
points
)
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